Showing posts with label Mabepari wa Venisi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mabepari wa Venisi. Show all posts

Monday, April 25, 2016

Kumbukumbu ya Kifo cha Shakespeare

Wiki hii ni ya kumbukumbu ya kifo cha William Shakespeare. Ingawa siku ya kufariki kwake haijulikani kwa uhakika, mapokeo yameiteua tarehe 23 April, 1616, kuwa ndio siku ya kufariki kwake. Alizikwa tarehe 25 Aprili.

Sisi tuliosoma sekondari miaka ya sitini na kitu tuliweza kusoma maandishi ya Shakespeare na kuyafurahia. Tulisoma tamthilia kama Julius Caesar na The Merchant of Venice. Baada sekondari, sisi tuliokwenda "high school" tulipata fursa ya kusoma na kutafakari tamthilia zake ngumu zaidi, kama vile Hamlet na Othello.

Mwandishi maarufu wa ki-Swahili, Shaaban Robert, alimwenzi Shakespeare. Alisema kwamba akili ya Shakespeare ilikuwa kama bahari ambayo mawimbi yake yalitua kwenye fukwe duniani kote. Laiti kama wa-Tanzania tungefuata nyayo za Shaaban Robert, tukaachana na ufinyu wa fikra kuhusu umuhimu wa lugha mbali mbali na fasihi za ulimwengu, kwa kisingizio cha kukienzi ki-Swahili.

Maandishi ya Shakespeare yana kauli nyingi maarufu. Sijui kama kuna msomaji wa Shakespeare ambaye hakumbuki ile hotuba ya Hamlet inayoanza hivi:

To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd.

Sijui kama kuna msomaji wa Shakespeare ambaye hakumbuki ile hotuba ya Mark Antony iliyomo katika Julius Caesar, inayoanza hivi:

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them;
The good is oft interréd with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.

Kuna pia kauli maarufu katika tamthilia ya As You Like It, ambayo ni ya mhusika aitwaye Jaques. Anasema kuwa dunia ni jukwaa, ambapo kila binadamu ni kama mwigizaji:

All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.

Shakespeare aliona mbali. Kwa mfano, unaposoma The Merchant of Venice, unajionea jinsi Shakespeare alivyokuwa na upeo wa fikra wa kutambua tabia ya ubepari mapema kabisa, wakati ulipokuwa unachimbuka. Haishangazi kwa nini Mwalimu Nyerere, ambaye alikuwa katika harakati za kupambana na ubepari na kujenga ujamaa aliamua kuitafsiri tamthilia hii, akaiita Mabepari wa Venisi.

Shakespeare alizielezea kwa umakini tabia za binadamu, njema au mbaya. Katika tamthilia ya Macbeth, kwa mfano, tunashuhudia jinsi binadamu anavyoweza kuwa mbaya, na kama wewe ni msomaji wa Shaaban Robert utakumbuka jinsi naye alivyoielezea dhamira hii, kwa mfano katika Adili na Nduguze.

Shakespeare alikuwa mtunzi wa tamthilia na mashairi. Alitunga mashairi mengi, na baadhi ya hayo yako katika tamthilia zake. Haiwezekani kumtendea haki Shakespeare kwa kuelezea mchango wake katika makala ndogo kama hii. Kuna makala nyingi na vitabu juu yake na kazi zake, na maandishi yanaendelea kuchapishwa katika lugha nyingi. 

Kama Shaaban Robert alivyosema, akili ya Shakespeare ni kama bahari, ambayo mawimbi yake yanatua kwenye fukwe duniani kote. Ni miaka mia nne imepita tangu Shakespeare afariki, lakini mawimbi ya akili yake yataendelea kumwagika duniani kote.

Sunday, January 24, 2016

Nimemkumbuka Shakespeare

Leo, bila kutegemea, nimemkumbuka Shakespeare. Nimeona niandike neno juu yake, kama nilivyowahi kufanya. Nimekumbuka tulivyosoma maandishi yake tukiwa vijana katika shule ya sekondari.

Katika kiwango kile, tulisoma tamthilia tulizozimudu, kama The Merchant of Venice na Julius Caesar. "High school," ambayo kwangu ilikuwa Mkwawa, tulisoma tamthilia ngumu zaidi, kama Othello na Hamlet. Othello ilikuwa katika silabasi ya "Literature."

Nakumbuka sana kuwa hapo hapo Mkwawa High School tuliangalia filamu ya Hamlet, ambamo aliyeigiza kama Hamlet alikuwa Sir Lawrence Olivier. Huyu ni mmoja wa waigizaji maarufu kabisa wa wahusika wakuu wa Shakespeare. Niliguswa na uigizaji wake kiasi cha kujiaminisha kwamba sitaweza kushuhudia tena uigizaji uliotukuka namna ile. Nilipoteza hamu ya kuangalia filamu yoyote baada ya pale, kwa miaka mingi.

Ninavyomkumbuka Shakespeare, ninajikuta nikikumbuka mambo mengi. Kwa mfano, nakumbuka tafsiri murua za Mwalimu Julius Nyerere za tamthilia mbili za Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice na Julius Caesar. Nakumbuka pia jinsi Shaaban Robert alivyomsifu Shakespeare, kwamba akili yake ilikuwa kama bahari pana ambayo mawimbi yake yalikuwa yanatua kwenye fukwe zote duniani.

Shaaban Robert alitoboa ukweli; Shakespeare ni mwalimu asiye na mfano. Aliingia katika nafsi za wanadamu akaelezea silika na tabia zao kwa ustadi mkubwa, na alitafakari uhalisi wa maisha yetu akatuonyesha maana na mapungufu yake. Alitukumbusha kwamba dunia ni kama jukwaa la maigizo, ambapo kila mmoja wetu anakuja na kutimiza yanayomhusu na kisha anatoweka.

Ningeweza kusema mengi juu ya Shakespeare. Ninapenda tu kuleta moja ya tungo zake ziitwazo "sonnets." Hii ni "sonnet" namba 2. Labda kuna siku nitapata hamu ya kuutafsiri utumgo huu, kujipima uwezo wangu wa kutafsiri na ufahamu wangu wa ki-Swahili.

Sonnet 2

When forty winters shall besiege thy brow
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty’s field,
Thy youth’s proud livery, so gazed on now,
Will be a tattered weed, of small worth held.
Then being asked where all thy beauty lies,
Where all the treasure of thy lusty days,
To say within thine own deep-sunken eyes
Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise.
How much more praise deserved thy beauty’s use
If thou couldst answer, “This fair child of mine
Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,”
Proving his beauty by succession thine.
  This were to be new made when thou art old,
  And see thy blood warm when thou feel’st it cold.

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