Kitabu cha Uchambuzi wa "Hamlet"

Mwandishi maarufu Ernest Hemingway alisema, "There is no friend as loyal as a book," yaani hakuna rafiki wa kweli kama kitabu. Vyovyote unavyotaka kuitafsiri kauli hii ya Hemingway, ukweli ni kuwa kusoma kitabu kizuri ni mithili ya kuongea na rafiki wa kweli.

Baada ya kusoma Hamlet, kama nilivyoelezea katika blogu hii, nimeamua kusoma kitabu cha insha juu ya Hamlet, kinachoitwa Hamlet, ambacho kimehaririwa na Susanne L. Wofford. Ni kitabu cha insha ambazo zinaongelea nadharia za fasihi, na zinaichambua Hamlet kwa kutumia hizo nadharia tofauti.

Nadharia hizo ni "Feminist Criticism," "Psychoanalytic Criticism," "Deconstruction," "Marxist Criticism," na "The New Historicism." Lakini, pamoja na maelezo ya kina ya nadharia hizo, na uchambuzi mbali mbali wa Hamlet, kitabu hiki kina pia tamthilia yote ya Hamlet, toleo la The Riverside Shakespeare. Pia kitabu hiki kina maelezo ya maisha ya Shakespeare na mazingira ya kihistoria alimokulia, na historia ya uchambuzi wa tamthilia hiyo.

Ingawa nina vitabu vingine vya nadharia za fasihi, sio tu hizi zilizomo katika kitabu hiki, bali pia zingine, kama vile "Post-colonial criticism," "Structuralism," na "Post-structuralism," ninafurahia sana kusoma kitabu hiki. Kwa upande moja, ni muhimu kutambua kwamba hata kama unadhani unalifahamu jambo fulani katika taaluma, ni vizuri kuendelea kusoma mitazamo mbali mbali juu ya jambo hilo, au maelezo tofauti, kwani hata kama mtazamo ni ule ule, kila mwandishi ana namna yake ya kuuelezea.

Kwa hivyo, tukichukulia nadharia kama "Feminist Criticism" inavyoelezwa katika kitabu hiki, tunaona kuwa kuna misisitizo au mielekeo tofauti baina ya wachambuzi wa Marekani, Uingereza, na Ufaransa. Jambo hilo nilianza kulifahamu miaka ya 1980-86 nilipokuwa ninasomea shahada ya uzamifu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin-Madison, hasa katika idara ya "Comparative Literature."

Ningetamani kuwa na ufahamu mkubwa wa ki-Swahili kiasi cha kuweza kuelezea kila kitu bila kutumia maneno ya ki-Ingereza. Dosari hii si jambo la kujivunia, nami sijasita kutamka hivyo katika blogu hii. Hata hivyo, ninavyofaidi kusoma vitabu vya ki-Ingereza, ninawasikitikia wale ambao hawajui lugha hii ambayo ndio lugha muhimu kuliko zote katika mawasiliano duniani.

Nimejutia Kusoma "Hamlet" Wakati wa Sikukuu

Siku kadhaa zilizopita, nilianza kusoma Hamlet, tamthilia ya Shakespeare, kama nilivyoandika katika blog ya ki-Ingereza. Tamthilia hii haikuwa ngeni kwangu. Ni moja ya tungo za Shakespeare ambazo nimezifahamu au kuzisoma tangu ujana wangu.

Lakini kuna jambo ambalo sikulizingatia nilipoamua kusoma Hamlet wakati huu, ambao ni wa sikukuu ya Krismasi. Ulikuwa si wakati muafaka wa kusoma Hamlet, hadithi yenye matukio ya kusikitisha. Mkondo mkuu wa hadithi hii ni jinsi baba ya Hamlet alivyouawa na ndugu yake, mfalme Claudius, ambaye miezi miwili tu kufuatia msiba huo alimwoa mama yake Hamlet. Mambo haya yanampa Hamlet msongo mkubwa wa mawazo.

Mzimu wa marehemu baba yake unamtokea Hamlet na kumweleza ufedhuli uliofanyika na kisha kumwelekeza alipize kisasi. Hamlet anatafakari afanye nini. Hasira na huzuni zake anazieleza kwa hisia na ufasaha tena na tena, kwa mfano katika tamko hili:

Ham. O that this too too solid flesh would melt
Thaw and resolve itself into dew!
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed
His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!
How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable
Seem to me all the uses of this world!
Fie on't! ah, fie! 'Tis an unweeded garden
That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature
Possess it merely. That it should come to this!
But two months dead--nay, not so much, not two!
So excellent a king, that was to this
Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother
That he might not beteem the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth!
Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him
As if increase of appetite had grown
But what it fed on; and yet, within a month--
Let me not think on't! Frailty, thy name is woman!
....
              Act I. Sc. II

Tafakari yake inamfanya hata ajiulize kama aendelee kuishi na kupambana na masaibu ya maisha kwa mategemeo ya kuyamaliza, au atoe uhai wake, kama tunavyomsikia katika tamko hili maarufu sana:

Ham. To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them. To die--to sleep--
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished. To die--to sleep.
To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub!
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause....
                                              Act. III. Sc. I

Ili kuzipata vizuri hisia za Hamlet, tushuhudie jinsi Laurence Olivier alivyoliigiza tamko hili la pili, katika filamu ya mwaka 1948, ambayo niliiangalia kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1971, nilipokuwa Mkwawa High School, Tanzania:

Ninaendelea Kusoma "Hamlet"

Miaka miwili iliyopita, niliandika katika blogu hii kuwa nina tabia ya kusoma vitabu kiholela. Wakati wowote nina vitabu kadhaa ninavyovisoma, bila mpangilio maalum, na pengine bila nia ya kufikia mwisho wa kitabu chochote.

Kusoma kwa namna hii hakuna ubaya wowote, bali kuna manufaa. Nilipokuwa mwanafunzi wa sekondari, katika seminari ya Likonde, mwalimu wetu, Padri Lambert OSB alituhimiza tuwe na mazoea ya kusoma sana vitabu, na pia mazoea ya kuvipitia vitabu kijuu juu, ambayo kwa ki-Ingereza huitwa "browsing."

Nikiachilia mbali vitabu ninavyofundisha, wakati huu nimezama zaidi katika kusoma Hamlet, kama nilivyoandika katika blogu hii. Ninasoma Hamlet pole pole, ili kuyanasa vizuri akilini yaliyomo, hasa maudhui kuhusu maisha, maadili, na tabia za binadamu. Kusoma pole pole kunaniwezesha kukifurahia ki-Ingereza cha Shakespeare, ingawa si rahisi kama ki-Ingereza tunachotumia leo.

Tofauti kati ya ki-Ingereza cha leo na kile cha Shakespeare ninaifananisha na tofauti kati ya ki-Swahili cha leo na kile cha mashairi ya zamani kama yale ya Muyaka au Utenzi wa Rasi lGhuli. Kwa msingi huo, kusoma utungo kama Hamlet ni chemsha bongo inayoboresha akili, sawa na mazoezi ya viungo yanavyoboresha afya ya mwili.

Mwandishi maarufu Ernest Hemingway alielezea vizuri thamani ya vitabu aliposema, "There is no friend as a loyal as a book," yaani hakuna rafiki wa kweli kama kitabu. Ujumbe uko wazi, nami sina la kuongeza. Kitabu bora ukishakinunua, ni rafiki wa kudumu.

  

Ninajikumbusha "Hamlet"

Wiki hii, pamoja na majukumu ya kawaida ya kufundisha, nimeamua kujikumbusha enzi za ujana wangu kwa kusoma Hamlet, tamthilia mojawapo maarufu kabisa ya Shakespeare. Kila ninapokumbuka tamthilia hii, ninakumbuka nilivyoangalia filamu yake yapata mwaka 1971, Mkwawa High School, Iringa.  Sir Laurence Olivier aliigiza nafasi ya Hamlet, kama nilivyogusia katika blogu hii.

Miaka ile ya ujana, tulifahamu ki-Ingereza vizuri hadi kusoma maandishi ya Shakespeare na kuyafurahia. Shakespeare ni kipimo kizuri cha ufahamu wa ki-Ingereza. Umahiri wake katika kutumia maneno na kutunga sentensi unadhihirika katika tungo zake zote. Ninanukuu hapa hotuba ya Claudius, mfalme wa Denmark, kwa Hamlet, ambayo ni kielelezo cha umahiri huo:

Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet,
To give these mourning duties to your father;
But you must know, your father lost a father;
That father lost, lost his, and the survivor bound
In filial obligation for some term
To do obsequious sorrow. But to persever
In obstinate condolement is a course
Of impious stubborness. 'Tis unmanly grief;
It shows a will most incorrect to heaven,
A heart unfortified, a mind impatient,
An understanding simple and unschooled;
For what we know must be, and is as common
As any the most vulgar thing to sense,
Why should we in our peevish opposition
Take it to heart? Fie! 'tis a fault to heaven,
A fault against the dead, a fault to nature,
To reason most absurd, whose common theme
Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried,
From the first corse till he that died today,
"This must be so." We pray you throw to earth
This unprevailing woe, and think of us
As of a father; for let the world take note
You are the most immediate to our throne,
And with no less nobility of love
Than that which dearest father bears his son
Do I impart toward you. For your intent
In going back to school in Wittenberg,
It is most retrograde to our desire;
And we beseech you, bend you to remain
Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye,
Our chiefest courtier, cousin, and our son.

Shakespeare Ametawala Mawazo Yangu Leo

Leo Shakespeare ametawala mawazo yangu, nami ninapenda kuelezea ilivyotokea. Ni maelezo yanayoweza kubainisha namna akili yangu inavyofanya kazi ninapohangaika kuandika makala ya kitaaluma.

Kwa miezi kadhaa, nimekuwa nikiwazia kuandika makala juu ya utangulizi wa The Dilemma of a Ghost, tamthilia ya Ama Ata Aidoo wa Ghana. Utangulizi huu umeitwa "Prelude" katika tamthilia hiyo, ambayo Ama Ata Aidoo aliitunga alipokuwa mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu Ghana, Legon, ambapo alihitimu mwaka 1963. Tamthilia yake iliigizwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1964 na kuchapishwa mwaka 1965.

Nimefundisha tamthilia hii mara kadhaa, na kwa miezi kadhaa nimepata hamu ya kuchambua utangulizi wake, yaani "Prelude." Nimeona kwamba hakuna mhakiki yeyote ambaye ameichambua sehemu hii ya tamthilia hii kwa kiwango kinachoniridhisha. Hii "Prelude" si rahisi kuifafanua. Ninahisi hii ndio sababu ya wachambuzi kuiacha kando.

Katika kuitafakari hii "Prelude," nimeona kuwa ujuzi wangu wa taaluma ya "Folklore" utakuwa nyenzo muhimu. Vile vile, nimeona kuwa italazimu kugusia jadi ya tamthilia ya nchi za Magharibi kuanzia Ugriki ya zamani.

Ni katika kuwazia jadi hii ndio nikajikuta ninamkumbuka Shakespeare. Katika "Prelude" yake, Ama Ata Aidoo ametumia dondoo za lugha ambazo zinatupeleka kwa Shakespeare. Sishangai, nikizingatia kuwa Ama Ata Aidoo alisomea ki-Ingereza na fasihi katika mfumo wa elimu wa ukoloni wa ki-Ingereza. Kwa maana hiyo, Ama Ata Aidoo alilelewa katika mfumo ambao walilelewa waandishi wa enzi zake, na waliofuatia, kama vile Efua Sutherland, Wole Soyinka, na James Ngugi, ambaye baadaye alibadili jina na kujiita Ngugi wa Thion'go.

Baada ya kujiridhisha kwamba kuna athari za Shakespeare katika "Prelude" ya The Dilemma of a Ghost, ndipo nikawa nawazia kutafuta ushahidi katika tamthilia za Shakespeare. Kwa miezi yote hii, nilikuwa na uhakika kwamba baadhi ya athari zimetoka katika tamthilia kadhaa na pia mashairi ya Shakespeare, na baadhi ya athari nilihisi zilitokana na au tamthilia ya The Merchant of Venice au Hamlet.

Kwa hivi, leo nimeteremsha kabatini buku langu kubwa liitwalo The Yale Shakespeare, ambalo lina tamthilia zote za Shakespeare na mashairi yake yote. Kila tamthilia imetanguliwa na insha iliyoandikwa na mchambuzi mahiri na imeambatana na maelezo ya dhana, misemo na maneno ambayo watumiaji wa leo wa ki-Ingereza inaweza kuwawia vigumu kuelewa.

Kwa miezi kadhaa, kabla ya kuanza kufukuafukua maandishi ya Shakespeare leo, nimekuwa nikitafakari vipengele vya "Folklore" ambavyo ninavyoviona katika "Prelude." Pia nimekuwa nikitafiti zaidi vipengele hivyo, kwa kufuatilia maandishi ya wataalam kama William Bascom. Sina shaka kwamba tafakari hiyo na utafiti vitaniwezesha kuifafanua "Prelude" na matumizi ya "Folklore" katika tamthilia nzima ya The Dilemma of a Ghost.

Ki-Ingereza cha Shakespeare

Miaka mia nne imepita tangu alipofairki Walliam Shakespeare. Lakini dunia haiwezi kumsahau, kwa mchango wake uliotukuka katika utunzi wa tamthilia na mashairi. Leo, ninarejea tena kwenye mada hii ya mchango wa Shakespeare, ambayo nimekuwa nikiiongelea katika blogu hii. Napenda kujikumbusha suala la ki-Ingereza cha Shakespeare.

Kumbukumbu hii imenijia leo kwa sababu maalum. Leo, katika kozi yangu ya African Literature, nimeanza kufundisha The Dilemma of a Ghost, tamthilia ya Ama Ata Aidoo. Nimeongelea mistari nane ya mwanzo ya "Prologue," yaani utangulizi, nikataja mambo mengi, kuanzia "folklore" hadi tamthilia za Shakespeare. Mistari hiyo ni hii:

I am the Bird of the Wayside--
The sudden scampering in the undergrowth,
Or the trunkless head
Of the shadow in the corner.
I am the asthmatic old hag
Eternally breaking the nuts
Whose soup, alas,
Nourished a bundle of whitened bones--

Miaka yetu, tulipokuwa tunasoma sekondari,  ambayo kwangu ilikuwa ni 1967-70, tulisoma na kuelewa ki-Ingereza cha Shakespeare. Tulipokutana na maneno magumu au misemo isiyoeleweka, tulifuatilia hadi kuelewa. Aghalabu, maelezo yalikuwemo katika vitabu tulivyokuwa tunasoma. Vinginevyo, tuliangalia kamusi. Tulikuwa na tabia ya kujituma.

Utamu wa ki-Ingereza cha Shakespeare unaonekana katika maandishi yake yote. Humo tunaona nidhamu ya hali ya juu katika matumizi ya maneno na uundaji wa sentensi. Kila neno lina umuhimu, na limewekwa mahali panapostahili. Hakuna sehemu inayolegalega.

Kumsoma Shakespeare ni chemsha bongo. Ni kunoa akili, sio tu kutokana na namna Shakespeare anavyotumia lugha bali pia kutokana na ukweli kuwa Shakespeare ndiye aliyekuwa na msamiati mkubwa kuliko mtumiaji mwingine yeyote wa ki-Ingereza. Hapa naleta mfano kutoka katika tamthilia yake ya Hamlet, ambayo nimeikumbuka leo kwa namna ya pekee, ili angalau wale tuliosoma zamani tujikumbushe enzi zile, ambapo shule ilikuwa shule kweli:

ACT I SCENE III	A room in Polonius' house.
[Enter LAERTES and OPHELIA]
LAERTES	My necessaries are embark'd: farewell:
	And, sister, as the winds give benefit
	And convoy is assistant, do not sleep,
	But let me hear from you.
OPHELIA	Do you doubt that?
LAERTES	For Hamlet and the trifling of his favour,
	Hold it a fashion and a toy in blood,
	A violet in the youth of primy nature,
	Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting,
	The perfume and suppliance of a minute; No more.
OPHELIA	No more but so?
LAERTES	Think it no more;	10
	For nature, crescent, does not grow alone
	In thews and bulk, but, as this temple waxes,
	The inward service of the mind and soul
	Grows wide withal. Perhaps he loves you now,
	And now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch
	The virtue of his will: but you must fear,
	His greatness weigh'd, his will is not his own;
	For he himself is subject to his birth:
	He may not, as unvalued persons do,
	Carve for himself; for on his choice depends	20
	The safety and health of this whole state;
	And therefore must his choice be circumscribed
	Unto the voice and yielding of that body
	Whereof he is the head. Then if he says he loves you,
	It fits your wisdom so far to believe it
	As he in his particular act and place
	May give his saying deed; which is no further
	Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal.
	Then weigh what loss your honour may sustain,
	If with too credent ear you list his songs,	30
	Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open
	To his unmaster'd importunity.
	Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister,
	And keep you in the rear of your affection,
	Out of the shot and danger of desire.
	The chariest maid is prodigal enough,
	If she unmask her beauty to the moon:
	Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes:
	The canker galls the infants of the spring,
	Too oft before their buttons be disclosed,	40
	And in the morn and liquid dew of youth
	Contagious blastments are most imminent.
	Be wary then; best safety lies in fear:
	Youth to itself rebels, though none else near.

Kumbukumbu ya Kifo cha Shakespeare

Wiki hii ni ya kumbukumbu ya kifo cha William Shakespeare. Ingawa siku ya kufariki kwake haijulikani kwa uhakika, mapokeo yameiteua tarehe 23 April, 1616, kuwa ndio siku ya kufariki kwake. Alizikwa tarehe 25 Aprili.

Sisi tuliosoma sekondari miaka ya sitini na kitu tuliweza kusoma maandishi ya Shakespeare na kuyafurahia. Tulisoma tamthilia kama Julius Caesar na The Merchant of Venice. Baada sekondari, sisi tuliokwenda "high school" tulipata fursa ya kusoma na kutafakari tamthilia zake ngumu zaidi, kama vile Hamlet na Othello.

Mwandishi maarufu wa ki-Swahili, Shaaban Robert, alimwenzi Shakespeare. Alisema kwamba akili ya Shakespeare ilikuwa kama bahari ambayo mawimbi yake yalitua kwenye fukwe duniani kote. Laiti kama wa-Tanzania tungefuata nyayo za Shaaban Robert, tukaachana na ufinyu wa fikra kuhusu umuhimu wa lugha mbali mbali na fasihi za ulimwengu, kwa kisingizio cha kukienzi ki-Swahili.

Maandishi ya Shakespeare yana kauli nyingi maarufu. Sijui kama kuna msomaji wa Shakespeare ambaye hakumbuki ile hotuba ya Hamlet inayoanza hivi:

To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd.

Sijui kama kuna msomaji wa Shakespeare ambaye hakumbuki ile hotuba ya Mark Antony iliyomo katika Julius Caesar, inayoanza hivi:

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them;
The good is oft interréd with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.

Kuna pia kauli maarufu katika tamthilia ya As You Like It, ambayo ni ya mhusika aitwaye Jaques. Anasema kuwa dunia ni jukwaa, ambapo kila binadamu ni kama mwigizaji:

All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.

Shakespeare aliona mbali. Kwa mfano, unaposoma The Merchant of Venice, unajionea jinsi Shakespeare alivyokuwa na upeo wa fikra wa kutambua tabia ya ubepari mapema kabisa, wakati ulipokuwa unachimbuka. Haishangazi kwa nini Mwalimu Nyerere, ambaye alikuwa katika harakati za kupambana na ubepari na kujenga ujamaa aliamua kuitafsiri tamthilia hii, akaiita Mabepari wa Venisi.

Shakespeare alizielezea kwa umakini tabia za binadamu, njema au mbaya. Katika tamthilia ya Macbeth, kwa mfano, tunashuhudia jinsi binadamu anavyoweza kuwa mbaya, na kama wewe ni msomaji wa Shaaban Robert utakumbuka jinsi naye alivyoielezea dhamira hii, kwa mfano katika Adili na Nduguze.

Shakespeare alikuwa mtunzi wa tamthilia na mashairi. Alitunga mashairi mengi, na baadhi ya hayo yako katika tamthilia zake. Haiwezekani kumtendea haki Shakespeare kwa kuelezea mchango wake katika makala ndogo kama hii. Kuna makala nyingi na vitabu juu yake na kazi zake, na maandishi yanaendelea kuchapishwa katika lugha nyingi. 

Kama Shaaban Robert alivyosema, akili ya Shakespeare ni kama bahari, ambayo mawimbi yake yanatua kwenye fukwe duniani kote. Ni miaka mia nne imepita tangu Shakespeare afariki, lakini mawimbi ya akili yake yataendelea kumwagika duniani kote.

Nimemkumbuka Shakespeare

Leo, bila kutegemea, nimemkumbuka Shakespeare. Nimeona niandike neno juu yake, kama nilivyowahi kufanya. Nimekumbuka tulivyosoma maandishi yake tukiwa vijana katika shule ya sekondari.

Katika kiwango kile, tulisoma tamthilia tulizozimudu, kama The Merchant of Venice na Julius Caesar. "High school," ambayo kwangu ilikuwa Mkwawa, tulisoma tamthilia ngumu zaidi, kama Othello na Hamlet. Othello ilikuwa katika silabasi ya "Literature."

Nakumbuka sana kuwa hapo hapo Mkwawa High School tuliangalia filamu ya Hamlet, ambamo aliyeigiza kama Hamlet alikuwa Sir Lawrence Olivier. Huyu ni mmoja wa waigizaji maarufu kabisa wa wahusika wakuu wa Shakespeare. Niliguswa na uigizaji wake kiasi cha kujiaminisha kwamba sitaweza kushuhudia tena uigizaji uliotukuka namna ile. Nilipoteza hamu ya kuangalia filamu yoyote baada ya pale, kwa miaka mingi.

Ninavyomkumbuka Shakespeare, ninajikuta nikikumbuka mambo mengi. Kwa mfano, nakumbuka tafsiri murua za Mwalimu Julius Nyerere za tamthilia mbili za Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice na Julius Caesar. Nakumbuka pia jinsi Shaaban Robert alivyomsifu Shakespeare, kwamba akili yake ilikuwa kama bahari pana ambayo mawimbi yake yalikuwa yanatua kwenye fukwe zote duniani.

Shaaban Robert alitoboa ukweli; Shakespeare ni mwalimu asiye na mfano. Aliingia katika nafsi za wanadamu akaelezea silika na tabia zao kwa ustadi mkubwa, na alitafakari uhalisi wa maisha yetu akatuonyesha maana na mapungufu yake. Alitukumbusha kwamba dunia ni kama jukwaa la maigizo, ambapo kila mmoja wetu anakuja na kutimiza yanayomhusu na kisha anatoweka.

Ningeweza kusema mengi juu ya Shakespeare. Ninapenda tu kuleta moja ya tungo zake ziitwazo "sonnets." Hii ni "sonnet" namba 2. Labda kuna siku nitapata hamu ya kuutafsiri utumgo huu, kujipima uwezo wangu wa kutafsiri na ufahamu wangu wa ki-Swahili.

Sonnet 2

When forty winters shall besiege thy brow

And dig deep trenches in thy beauty’s field,

Thy youth’s proud livery, so gazed on now,

Will be a tattered weed, of small worth held.

Then being asked where all thy beauty lies,

Where all the treasure of thy lusty days,

To say within thine own deep-sunken eyes

Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise.

How much more praise deserved thy beauty’s use

If thou couldst answer, “This fair child of mine

Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,”

Proving his beauty by succession thine.

  This were to be new made when thou art old,

  And see thy blood warm when thou feel’st it cold.